Malcolm Gladwell on General Motors

Here’s a sample from the latest New Yorker:

Next up was General Motors. Team Auto’s idea was to bypass the traditional bankruptcy procedure, in which the entire company would be restructured through a protracted process of negotiation with creditors. Instead, the company would be divided into two. “Old G.M.” would contain the unwanted factories and debts and unused assets—all of which would be wound down and sold over time. The best parts of the automaker would be transferred to “New G.M.,” an entity funded and owned by the American taxpayer. The task of carving out the new entity was enormously complex, and involved rewriting countless contracts with unions, suppliers, and creditors. To minimize disruption to the company’s operations, Team Auto worked with lightning speed. Rattner would rise at five-thirty, be on the treadmill at the gym by six, and in the office by seven. Lunch was a tuna-fish sandwich at his desk. He wouldn’t be back at his rented condo in Foggy Bottom until eight or nine, catching up on the day’s e-mails before heading to bed. One of Rattner’s team members spent his first month on a friend’s couch in Virginia. Another worked around the clock during the week, and then made the five-hour drive every weekend to see his family, in Pittsburgh. None had any time for ceremony. At one point, two members of Team Auto, Brian Osias and Clay Calhoon, called for a sitdown with senior Chrysler executives at eleven on a Saturday morning. “The executives were almost all middle-aged industry veterans,” Rattner recounts. “Osias was thirty-two years old and Calhoon was twenty-six, and both looked younger than their years.” Calhoon announced to the room, “We’re going to sit at this table until we’re done.” They were there until 2 A.M. on Sunday. On another occasion, the Team Auto member Harry Wilson had a meeting with senior G.M. officials, who arrived with a hundred-and-fifty-page document. Rattner writes, “ ‘What’s this?’ Harry asked. ‘The agenda,’ came back the reply. Harry, almost laughing, said, ‘You can’t run a meeting with a 150-page agenda!’ ” He substituted his own. Rattner took the job as Auto Czar in February. He was back home in New York, mission accomplished, by July.

Rattner has since run into some trouble. Recently, an S.E.C. investigation into a “pay to play” scandal involving the New York state pension fund led to sanctions against Rattner, who has reportedly accepted a two-year ban from the securities business. But there is no question that the auto bailout represents one of the signature accomplishments both of his career and of the Obama Administration. In August, G.M. posted its second quarterly profit in a row, its best result in three years. Chrysler, for its part, is now safely in the hands of Fiat, at least for the time being. Two years ago, when the heads of G.M., Ford, and Chrysler came to the Senate in the hope of gaining relief, no one could have imagined such a favorable outcome. At the time, the Center for Automotive Research estimated that the collapse of the Big Three would result in as many as three million lost jobs. So soon after the Wall Street rescue, there seemed little public or political appetite for another taxpayer bailout. The reaction of Richard Shelby, the ranking Republican on the Senate finance committee, was typical. “I don’t believe they’ve got good management,” he said of G.M. “They don’t innovate. They are a dinosaur. . . . I don’t believe the twenty-five billion dollars they’re talking about will make them survive. It’s just postponing the inevitable.” The reason to bring in a private-equity expert is that he would never be so defeatist. To someone like Rattner, there is nothing wrong with giving a dinosaur money if you think you can fix the dinosaur. One might even say that the private-equity investor prefers the dinosaur, because dinosaurs are cheap, which increases the potential profit at the end. And then the world will look at him with awe and say, “Wow, you turned around a dinosaur”—even if, on closer examination, that wasn’t what happened at all.

Posted by on October 26th, 2010 at 10:51 pm


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