Economist of the Empire

Angus Burgin reviews Prophet of Innovation, Thomas McCraw’s biography of Joseph Schumpeter:

As with many such stories, Schumpeter’s begins with a rapid ascent. Born into a bourgeois family that had resided in the Moravian hamlet of Triesch for four centuries, he gained entrance — via his mother’s remarriage to a much older three-star general — into Viennese society and the most prestigious schools in the empire. His precocious academic abilities led him through the two great centers of economic thought in continental Europe: the University of Vienna, home to the great second generation of the Austrian School; and Berlin, the academic center of the Austrians’ bitter rivals, Gustav von Schmoller and the German historical economists. Through a combination of work and fortune, he became the youngest tenured professor of political economy in the empire at age 28, secretary of state for finance in Austria’s First Republic at 36, and a prosperous bank chairman four years later.
Schumpeter remained a mess of contradictions, however, and his personal triumphs were quickly matched by stunning reversals. Soon after receiving tenure, his harsh classroom discipline inspired a crushing, and largely unprecedented, student boycott of his lectures. He lost his fortune in the Viennese stock market crash of 1924, and spent the next decade laboring to repay the ensuing debt. And in a forever devastating setback, he lost his beloved second wife and son in childbirth just two years later. Following his financial and familial ruin, Schumpeter structured his remaining life around two competing sentiments: a retrospective pessimism that gradually permeated his worldview and a relentless desire to produce academic works worthy of his youthful ambitions. The Schumpeter who arrived at Harvard in 1927, where he would serve as a central influence for a generation of graduate students, was at once intensely passionate and socially removed. His subsequent works, from the seminal popular work “Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy” (1942) to his encyclopedic and still unparalleled “History of Economic Analysis” (1954), remain suspended between cool objectivity and moments of fiery, often cynical, judgment.

Posted by on May 6th, 2007 at 5:12 pm


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